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Break things. Fix them. Learn.

This site runs on an Intel NUC hosted at home, behind a standard fiber connection. Its main purpose is to serve as an experimentation ground for testing server configurations, automation scripts, and open source security tools.

Not a professional website — a homelab: we break things, fix them, and learn.

Migration in progress
The site is gradually migrating from Grav CMS to Hugo. Old URLs are preserved, but the visual rendering is evolving. If you spot a bug, report it.

🛠️ Tech stack

Tool Role Link
🔒 CrowdSec Community IDS/IPS Dashboard
☁️ Cloudflare CDN · WAF · DNS · DDoS Dashboard
📊 BetterStack Monitoring · Alerts · Logs Status page
🌐 Hugo Static site generator gohugo.io
🛡️ ModSecurity Local WAF · OWASP CRS 4.x OWASP CRS
nginx Reverse proxy · TLS 1.3 nginx.org

🌟 Don’t miss

Three articles that capture the spirit of this homelab:

📚 Full documentation is in Documentation and automation scripts in Scripts.

🐛 Found a vulnerability?

If you discover a bug, misconfiguration, or security vulnerability on this server, please report it. This homelab is public and I learn from my mistakes.

📨 Responsible disclosure: www.arleo.eu/security.txt

Any contribution to improving security is welcome.

Automating IP Bans with Cloudflare WAF, CrowdSec and AbuseIPDB

⚡ In short

Passive monitoring is not enough. This pipeline automates closing the loop in under 5 minutes between an attack detected by Cloudflare WAF and the effective ban of the IP in CrowdSec, its synchronization to Cloudflare, and its report to AbuseIPDB. A Python script polls the Cloudflare GraphQL API every 5 minutes, applies a 3-hit threshold, and triggers the ban with recidivist escalation.

🧠 Why

Seeing an attack in BetterStack logs after the fact does not stop the malicious IP from continuing to hammer the server. Without automation, the detection → ban loop takes hours or never closes. Cloudflare WAF actions (block, challenge, managed_challenge, jschallenge) are clear attack signals, but they remain confined to the Cloudflare dashboard — without a bridge to CrowdSec, no IP is banned locally, none is reported to the AbuseIPDB community.

Post-Mortem — Incident 522 / WAN Failover (April 8, 2026)

⚡ In short

Date: April 7-8, 2026 — Duration: ~3h (21:28 UTC → 22:31 UTC) — Severity: P1

arleo.eu was unreachable for 3 hours. The root cause was not the server, not nginx, not CrowdSec — it was an HTTPS port forwarding rule attached to generic WAN instead of explicit WAN1 on the Netgear PR60X. The daily DHCP lease renewal of the 4G modem (WAN2) triggered a NAT rebalance that broke routing to port 443.

jQuery → Vanilla ES6 Migration

⚡ In short

This site was migrated from jQuery to native JavaScript (Vanilla ES6). An 87 KB external dependency removed, replaced by modern code that does exactly the same thing — no extra download, no third-party library.

For visitors, nothing changes. For security and performance, it’s a measurable improvement.

🧠 Why

jQuery was essential in 2010 when browsers all behaved differently. In 2026, modern browsers natively support everything jQuery did: